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PGI — Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Bathed in the Riviera sunshine, sheltered by the Alps and caressed by the Mediterranean, the Citron de Menton is the most fragrant lemon in France — and one of the rarest in the world.
Fruit from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, PGI (IGP) since 2015.
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The first citrus fruits appeared in Menton as early as 1341. It was during the 17th and 18th centuries that citrus growing in Menton truly flourished: the first legislative texts regulating the cultivation and trade of lemons date from this period, testifying to an industry that was already structured and economically vital. Between the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries, lemon cultivation was Menton's primary economic activity — boats laden with fruit would leave the port bound for the whole of Europe, and as far as Russia.
This prosperity was founded on an exceptional microclimate: mild winters (10°C on average), generous sunshine, and moderate winds thanks to the shelter of the mountains and the sea breeze. There, lemon trees flower and bear fruit almost all year round, yielding fruit of incomparable quality and fragrance.
In 1956, an outbreak of "mal secco" (a fungal citrus disease caused by the ascomycete Phoma tracheiphila) devastated Menton's lemon trees. Urban development compounded the crisis: cultivated terraces gradually gave way to housing. While there were around 80,000 lemon trees in Menton in the 1800s, a mere 5,000 remained in 2012. Production, once flourishing, is now strictly limited — an average of 70 tonnes of certified fruit per year in 2020.
Yet Menton did not give up. In October 2015, Citron de Menton PGI status was obtained, the fruit of a long collective effort led by the Association pour la Promotion du Citron de Menton and the municipality. The Fête du Citron, held every year in February, attracts around 200,000 visitors with its floats decorated with lemons and oranges and its citrus-based floral displays. This fruity carnival has become one of the Côte d'Azur's most iconic gastronomic events.
The PGI area covers five communes: Menton, Castellar, Gorbio, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, and Sainte-Agnès. This restricted perimeter corresponds precisely to the most favourable microclimate — the lemon trees benefit from maximum sunlight, heat retained by Menton's sandstone soil, and humidity regulated by the sea breeze. Citrus growers cultivate their orchards on terraces (restanques), which make the most of the sunshine on slopes that are sometimes dizzyingly steep.
Appearance
Medium-sized lemon (53 to 90 mm), light yellow to greenish-yellow in the "primeur" version, intense and luminous yellow at full maturity. The skin is finely grained, highly fragrant, and adheres tightly to the flesh. Few surface blemishes.
Aroma
Exceptionally fragrant — the peel of the Citron de Menton gives off intense aromas of fresh lemongrass, far superior to mass-produced lemons.
Taste
Abundant juice (minimum content of 25% of the fruit's weight), highly fragrant, with a clean acidity free from bitterness — fundamentally distinguishing it from industrial lemons. On the palate, the flavour is round, fruity, and lingering.
Texture
Thick skin despite the intense fragrance it exudes, very juicy flesh. The Citron de Menton is prized as much for its zest (used in baking and pastry) as for its juice.
harvested green to pale yellow, from December onwards, highly fragrant and slightly more acidic
harvested at full maturity in January–February, intense yellow, maximum juice
pastries, syrups, lemon liqueur, jams, flavoured olive oil
the fruit is picked by hand, one by one, in several passes according to ripeness; no mechanical harvesting.
selection of fruit complying with PGI specifications (size 53–90 mm, absence of major defects, minimum juice content).
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The Citron de Menton is the king of citrus cuisine on the Côte d'Azur. Its zest, exceptionally intense, is the key ingredient in the tarte au citron mentonnaise — a local emblem that distinguishes itself from the classic lemon meringue tart by its incomparable fragrance. It is also used in risottos, fish marinades, sauces for shellfish, and cocktails. Limoncello de Menton, made by macerating zest in neutral alcohol, is a sought-after local speciality. Natural pairings: Bellet blanc (a Nice wine), Côtes de Provence rosé, or a simple sparkling water so as not to mask the fruit's aroma.
Since: 2015
Area covered: Menton, Castellar, Gorbio, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Sainte-Agnès
Key requirements: Fruit produced in the delimited area, size 53–90 mm, hand-harvested, defined juice content and acidity levels
The production area remains restricted: only five communes produce Citron de Menton PGI (IGP). This rarity contributes to the product's prestige, but also to its fragility: rural depopulation and urban development caused the number of lemon trees to plummet from 80,000 in the 1800s to 5,000 in 2012. The Fête du Citron, held every February, remains the main vehicle for the renown of the Citron de Menton.
Brotherhood
Family-run
Family-run
Family-run
Artisanal boutique / concept store
Family-run
Family-run
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