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PDO — Aquitaine

Piment d'Espelette

Scarlet garlands on the white facades of the Pays Basque, piment d'Espelette is the only French spice crowned with an appellation of origin — a fiery heritage from the New World that has become the soul of Basque cuisine.

Spice or condiment from Aquitaine, PDO (AOP) since 2000.

Discover

At a glance

History & Origins

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Early history and origins of the product

Piment d'Espelette is a child of the New World adopted by the Pays Basque: its ancestor originated in Mexico. Local tradition attributes its arrival to sailors who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his expeditions to the Americas, with the chilli then reaching the Pays Basque via Portugal or Spain. Belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae), like the tomato or sweet pepper, it adapted perfectly to the warm, humid climate of the Espelette region.

From the 17th century onwards, it was Basque women who systematically cultivated, dried and used the chilli in cooking — both for seasoning everyday dishes and for preserving meat and ham.

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Terroir and geographical roots

The PDO area of piment d'Espelette is restricted to ten communes of the inland Pays Basque, nestled in the hills of Labourd — two included in their entirety and eight only in part. This micro-terroir benefits from a mild, well-watered climate, fulfilling the conditions required by this plant of tropical origin.

The chilli grown is the local gorria variety ('red' in Basque), the product of empirical selection conducted over the centuries by Basque farmers, which distinguishes it from the cousin varieties of the Iberian Peninsula from which it stems. Each year, producers perpetuate this mass selection by keeping the seeds of the finest fruits for subsequent sowings.

Heritage and local culture

Traditionally, it was Basque women who cultivated, harvested and dried the chilli. They threaded the ripe fruits into strings of 20, 30 or 40 chillies, which they hung on south-facing house facades for open-air drying. This practice still adorns the villages of the PDO area today, offering a flamboyant spectacle of scarlet garlands against the white walls of Labourd houses.

The Fête du Piment, created in 1967 by the Syndicat d'Initiative d'Espelette, takes place every last weekend of October, except when it falls on 31 October. A solemn Mass with the blessing of the chillies, inductions by the Confrérie du Piment d'Espelette — founded in 1969 on the advice of the Confrérie du Jambon de Bayonne —, Basque dancing and the sale of local terroir produce set the rhythm of this unmissable day. Piment d'Espelette received official recognition by decree on 29 May 2000, becoming the only French spice to benefit from a protected designation of origin.

Product characteristics

Sensory profile

Appearance

Fresh fruit 7 to 14 cm, average weight 35 g, bright red with no trace of green at maturity; in powder, orange to reddish-brown colour.

Aroma

Aromas of dried hay, ripe tomato, red pepper and toasted bread.

Taste

Strong but not burning heat, 4 on the simplified Scoville scale (1 to 10), gradual sensation of warmth on the palate.

Texture

Finely ground powder.

Varieties

Fresh chilli

Harvested from August to early December, average weight 35 g, sold exclusively to processors.

String of chillies

20, 30 or 40 threaded fruits, traditionally dried on south-facing facades, today most often on racks in greenhouses.

Piment d'Espelette PDO powder

Dried then ground chillies, sourced exclusively from a single farm, with no additives. Packaged in glass jars or sachets.

How it is made

  1. Cultivation — in open fields across the ten communes of the PDO area, with regulated use of plant protection products.
  2. Harvesting — from August to early December (no later than 1 December in a normal year), fruit by fruit.
  3. Stringing — into strings of 20, 30 or 40 chillies.
  4. Drying — traditionally on south-facing facades, today most often on racks in greenhouses.
  5. Grinding — powder obtained by grinding the dried chillies, to a fine grind.
  6. Packaging — cultivation, processing and packaging must be carried out within the PDO geographical area.

⚠️ Plant health challenge — Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii (2025): The 2025 harvest came under pressure from the fungus Athelia rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii), encouraged by intense heat and humidity in mid-July 2025 — the pathogen attacks the collar of the plants, causing them to wither within hours and halting the flow of sap. Grown in open fields, piment d'Espelette has very few chemical remedies against this fungus; nevertheless, the president of the Syndicat described the 2025 harvest as 'probably average' rather than catastrophic. A previous temporary modification to the product specification, in 2018, had already pushed back the harvest deadline from 1 to 15 December in the face of bad weather.

Tasting & pairings

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Piment d'Espelette makes an excellent substitute for black pepper in all dishes. It is added at the end of cooking or just before serving to preserve its aromas. Indispensable in piperade, axoa de veau, poulet basquaise and on jambon de Bayonne, it also elevates eggs, grilled fish, soups and even chocolate. In powder form, a single pinch is enough to flavour an entire dish. The whole string, hung in the kitchen, is scraped with a knife as needed — an everyday ritual in Basque kitchens.

Labels & certifications

PDO (AOP)

Since: 2000

Area covered: 10 communes of Labourd (Pays Basque, 64) — 2 in full, 8 in part

Key requirements: Gorria variety exclusively; harvest August to early December; three presentations (fresh, string, powder); packaging within the designated area; no additives permitted

The people of the terroir

Guarantor body — the producers' association, syndicate or trade body that upholds the appellation Guarantor Espelette

Syndicat du Piment d'Espelette AOP

PDO trade association

Part of the production is certified organic Producer · Organic range Larressore

Ferme Atxania

Farm

Producer Ustaritz

La Maison du Piment

Artisan

Part of the production is certified organic Producer · Award-winning · Organic range Espelette

L'Atelier du Piment

Artisan

All production is certified organic Producer · Award-winning · Organic Espelette

GAEC Ezpela

GAEC

Producer · Award-winning Espelette

EARL Elharra

EARL

All production is certified organic Producer · Award-winning · Organic Itxassou

Hugo Ballarin

Family-run

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Guarantor body — the producers' association, syndicate or trade body that upholds the appellation Guarantor Espelette

Syndicat du Piment d'Espelette AOP

PDO trade association

The Syndicat du Piment d'Espelette AOP presents itself as the sole official entity managing the « Piment d'Espelette AOP – Ezpeletako Biperra » appellation. Created in 1993 by the producers, it was recognised as an Organisme de Défense et de Gestion (ODG) by the INAO on 4 July 2007, and in this capacity ensures the management, control, protection and promotion of the PDO (AOP) — anyone wishing to produce Piment d'Espelette must be a member. The appellation first obtained AOC in 2000, replaced by the European PDO label in 2012; the Etxea interpretation centre, dedicated to Piment d'Espelette PDO, was inaugurated in 2017. For the 2025–2026 season, the association records 180 producers, 15 repackagers and 3 processors, for around 293 hectares of agricultural land and nearly 190 tonnes of powder produced. On its website, it provides an interactive map of member producers, making it possible to meet a producer, visit a farm or buy Piment d'Espelette PDO.

Address25 Merkatu Plaza — 64250 Espelette
Phone05 59 93 88 86
Emailcontact@pimentdespelette.com
Websitepimentdespelette.com
FacebookFacebook page
Part of the production is certified organic Producer Larressore

Ferme Atxania

Farm

Ferme Atxania presents itself as the farm of Ramuntxo Olhagaray, under the company name S.A.R.L. Ferme Atxania, based at 'La maison de l'Espenade', 64480 Larressore. The website links the history of chillies on the farm to the personal journey of Ramuntxo Olhagaray, who came to cultivate PDO (AOP) piment d'Espelette.

The featured range showcases piment d'Espelette in several processed forms: l'Espenade, fine salt with piment d'Espelette, wholegrain mustard, piment d'Espelette jelly, piment d'Espelette purée, piment d'Espelette powder (including an organic PDO version, as well as 250 g and 1 kg pack sizes), and a Basque sauce, Xista.

AddressInthalatzia E, 64480 Larressore, France
Phone05 59 93 20 25
Emailcontact@ferme-atxania.com
Websiteferme-atxania.com
FacebookFacebook page
VisitsYes
Euro-leaf, the EU organic farming logo Part of the production is certified organic, since 2014.
Producer Ustaritz

La Maison du Piment

Artisan

The company states that it was founded by Vincent Darritchon, who has been growing and harvesting piment d'Espelette himself since 1996, alongside a team of 15 people. Selling directly from the producer in Ustaritz, it offers a range of AOC/PDO (AOP) piment d'Espelette powder and strings, as well as chilli salts, oils, mustards, sauces, jellies and jams.

The house also offers sheep's and goat's milk cheeses from the Basque Country, spice blends and gift sets of Basque specialities, and states that it delivers both within France and internationally.

Address96 rue des Artisans, 64480 Ustaritz, France
Phone05 59 93 03 98
Emailcontact@lamaisondupiment.com
Websitelamaisondupiment.com
FacebookFacebook page
Instagram@lamaisondupiment
VisitsYes
Part of the production is certified organic Producer Espelette

L'Atelier du Piment

Artisan

L'Atelier du Piment presents itself as a family farm located in the heart of the Pays Basque, 500 metres from the village of Espelette. It offers a guided tour lasting around an hour, ending with a complimentary tasting, during which guides present the history of piment d'Espelette — introduced in the 17th century —, the stages of PDO (AOP) production, traditional drying, and processing into powder. Visitors can also explore independently, in around thirty minutes, a maze laid out in the piment d'Espelette field. Its shop offers a range of PDO piment d'Espelette (powder, sauces, purées and caviars, salts, mustards) as well as a selection of other Basque terroir products, such as jambon de Bayonne or the sheep's milk cheese Ossau-Iraty, on sale on site or online with delivery throughout France and Europe. The workshop also notes that it welcomes groups and companies for private tours, culinary workshops, and seminars. It states that it is featured on the Michelin map 'La France des savoir-faire', certified Destination d'Excellence since 2026 and Qualité Tourisme, Entreprises et Découvertes, and that it received the 2026 gold medal at the Concours Général Agricole for its PDO piment d'Espelette powder.

Awards

Concours Général Agricole 2026

Paris

  • Piment d'Espelette AOP
Address625 Chem. d'Elizaldea, 64250 Espelette, France
Phone+33 5 59 93 90 21
Emailservice-client@atelierdupiment.com
Websiteatelier-du-piment-espelette.fr
FacebookFacebook page
Instagram@atelierdupimentespelette
VisitsYes
Euro-leaf, the EU organic farming logo Part of the production is certified organic, since 2021.
All production is certified organic Producer Espelette

GAEC Ezpela

GAEC

GAEC Ezpela grows and processes piment d'Espelette PDO (AOP) on its holding on Place du Jeu de Paume in Espelette, right in the heart of the appellation area. Its organic piment d'Espelette PDO powder, produced by grinding chillies harvested on the farm, is offered in small jars (40 g) to be used at the end of cooking instead of pepper.

In 2026, this organic powder won the Silver Medal at the Concours Général Agricole de Paris — an accolade celebrating craft production carried out directly on the farm itself.

The farm describes itself as a collective holding certified organic (AB — FR-BIO-12), which also cultivates seasonal vegetables, cereals and aromatic herbs alongside chillies. It favours direct sales at the farm, by prior telephone arrangement, so that its produce can be enjoyed at peak freshness.

Awards

Concours Général Agricole 2026

Paris

  • Piment d'Espelette AOP
Address90 Place du Jeu de Paume (Maison Mendikoaga), 64250 Espelette
Phone0685421964
Euro-leaf, the EU organic farming logo All production is certified organic, since 2021.
Producer Espelette

EARL Elharra

EARL

Nestled at the foot of Mondarrain, in Espelette, EARL Elharra practises sustainable agriculture, combining the cultivation of AOC-PDO (AOP) piment d'Espelette with dairy cattle farming. Its produce is sold online under the name Ferme Elharra, with dispatch via Colissimo within 48 hours.

Awarded a gold medal at the Concours Général Agricole in 2017, the farm offers its piment d'Espelette harvest in several forms: powder in jars or pouches, strings of dried chillies, as well as chilli jelly and purée.

Awards

Concours Général Agricole 2026

Paris

  • ×2 Piment d'Espelette AOP
Address2300 Chem. d'Irazabalea, 64250 Espelette, France
Phone0559939314
Websiteferme-elharra.com
All production is certified organic Producer Itxassou

Hugo Ballarin

Family-run

Hugo Ballarin grows piment d'Espelette PDO (AOP) in Itxassou, in the heart of the inland Pays basque. Established since 2022, he took over the farm from his mother-in-law Laurence Lastiri, alongside whom he completed a two-year mentorship to learn everything about piment d'Espelette. Using traditional, organic methods, he cultivates seven thousand chilli plants rotated alternately between two plots — one in Larressore, the other in Itxassou, on the banks of the Nive. Planted in open fields each May, the chillies are hand-picked from August until the first frosts, then sorted: the finest fruits are strung into ropes, the others traditionally dried on the façade of the house or on racks, before being ground into a powder with a subtle, fruity flavour.

Hugo Ballarin markets his organic PDO piment d'Espelette as powder and in ropes, as well as processed products — chilli purée, jelly and jam. His produce can be found at the table of the Frères Ibarboure and at the Espelette market; farm-gate sales are by appointment, and postal delivery via Colissimo is available. His piment d'Espelette has twice been honoured at the Concours Général Agricole at the Salon de l'Agriculture de Paris: a silver medal in 2023, then a gold medal in 2025.

Awards

Concours Général Agricole 2026

Paris

  • Piment d'Espelette AOP
Address198 Eskoletako Bidea, 64250 Itxassou, France
Phone06 95 89 23 23
Emailhugoballarin@live.fr
VisitsBy appointment
Euro-leaf, the EU organic farming logo All production is certified organic, since 2022.