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AOC — PDO — Corsica
Born of fire and whey, shaped by the hands of shepherds since the island first had flocks — Brocciu is Corse in cheese form: simple, intense, ephemeral, irreplaceable.
Goat’s cheese from Corsica, PDO (AOP) since 2003.
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Brocciu is undoubtedly the oldest cheese in Corse. Its production is inseparable from the practice of island pastoralism: it has reputedly been made since the very beginnings of livestock farming on the island, some 10,000 years ago. The technique of recooking whey — the residual liquid obtained after milk coagulation — is found across several Mediterranean countries under different names (Greuil du Béarn, Zenbera in Pays Basque, ricotta in Italy). In Corse, this know-how has been present since Antiquity, and the traditions of shepherds and pastoralists have endured to this day, with production methods handed down from generation to generation.
The word Brocciu is thought to derive from the Corsican brousser — 'to beat' or 'to whisk' —, in reference to the stirring of the whey during cooking, which brings the creamy white curds to the surface. The word denotes an immemorial reality: the first cheese born of the island, made by shepherds in cauldrons set over the embers of the maquis.
Corsican oral tradition has woven a web of legends around Brocciu. The most popular attributes its recipe to King Solomon himself, who reputedly passed it on to Corsican shepherds several millennia ago. Another tells of an ancient secret stolen from a fearsome, legendary ogre. However fanciful they may seem, these tales bear witness to the antiquity and perceived sanctity of a cheese that has nourished the island since the dawn of time.
For centuries, Brocciu remained a strictly local product, made in every sheepfold across the milking seasons, eaten on the spot or bartered between villages according to traditional methods handed down from generation to generation. It was to preserve these ancestral practices that stakeholders in the Corsican sheep and goat sector mobilised to secure official recognition.
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée was granted in 1998 — a key date, as Brocciu then became the only French AOC/PDO cheese to be made from recooked whey (lactoserum). This technical distinction and national uniqueness earned it immediate recognition. European PDO status followed in 2003, permanently enshrining Brocciu in the protected food heritage of the European Union.
Today, the sector comprises 294 milk producers, 133 farmhouse producers, and 14 processing facilities spread across the island. Management of the Brocciu PDO was entrusted in 2011 to the interbranch organisation ILOCC (Interprofession Laitière Ovine et Caprine de Corse), which federates all stakeholders and oversees compliance with the specifications. Brocciu PDO has become a vehicle for cultural identity as much as an economic product for the island.
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Brocciu is technically a recooked whey cheese — a category found under other names in several Mediterranean countries: Greuil du Béarn, Zenbera in Pays Basque, ricotta in Italy. Yet it stands apart in one essential respect: it is the only French AOC/PDO cheese to be made from recooked whey, which guarantees its origin and method of production.
Production follows a precise protocol inherited from pastoral tradition:
The apparent simplicity of the process belies a high sensitivity to production conditions: milk quality, season, herd diet, cheesemaker's expertise — all factors that make Brocciu vary from one farm to another.
The PDO specifications recognise two official formats of Brocciu, each of which must bear the designation on its label:
eaten in the days following production. Moist, milky, melt-in-the-mouth. Minimum dry matter content of 20 g per 100 g. Its texture recalls ricotta, but its flavour is sweeter, subtly milky and floral, with a light acidity depending on the milk used. It is in this form that it features in all traditional Corsican recipes.
fresh Brocciu is salted, dried, and matured for a minimum of 21 days. The rind forms, the paste tightens, and the flavour becomes more intense and slightly piquant, with animal and undergrowth notes. Minimum dry matter content of 35 g per 100 g. It can be grated over pasta or eaten at the end of a meal.
Brocciu is deeply seasonal: it can only be produced during the lactation period of Corsican ewes and goats, from late autumn through to summer, roughly from November to June. The finest examples are found between December and April, when the herds are still grazing in the foothill pastures and feeding on the winter maquis flora — aromatic herbs, strawberry trees, cistus, heather — which directly perfumes the milk.
Outside this window, there is no Brocciu PDO. Corsicans experience this seasonality not as a constraint, but as a renewed promise: every winter, the return of Brocciu to the markets is celebrated as a long-awaited event.
Appearance
White mass, smooth or slightly grainy, cylindrical or dome-shaped depending on the moulding
Colour
Pearly white for the frais; ivory to light grey rind for the passu
Texture
Melting and moist (frais); firmer, slightly crumbly (passu)
Aroma
Milky, fresh, subtly floral and grassy (frais); more animal, maquis and mushrooms (passu)
Taste
Mild, milky, well-balanced light acidity, aftertaste of maquis flowers (frais); more intense, slightly salty and piquant (passu)
Finish
Short and coating for the frais, lingering for the passu
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No Corsican cheese is as ubiquitous in island cooking as Brocciu. It features in an extraordinary number of traditional recipes, from breakfast to dessert. Corsicans eat it plain on bread, mix it with chestnut jam, or enjoy it as it is by the spoonful with a few drops of eau-de-vie — l'aiguavita.
The fiadone is the quintessential Corsican dessert: a baked cake made with fresh Brocciu, eggs, sugar, and lemon zest, light, fragrant, and airy. It graces every table at family gatherings, weddings, and communions. In the south of the island, the same base becomes the imbrucciata — an open tartlet on a shortcrust pastry base, typical of Corse-du-Sud and the Sartène region.
Falculelle are small Brocciu-based tartlets baked on chestnut leaves, typical of Corte. Sturzapreti — literally 'priest stranglers' — are Corsican gnocchi made from Brocciu and Swiss chard, their facetious name suggesting they were so delicious that priests choked on them. Cannelloni au Brocciu, stuffed with fresh cheese and Swiss chard, rank among the traditional specialities in sauce of the island's families.
Brocciu also reigns supreme at Easter: festive cakes and pastries gifted to neighbours systematically showcase it, turning every spring into a collective celebration of the island's best-loved cheese.
In Colomba (1840), the novella by Prosper Mérimée that helped forge the image of Corse in the French imagination, the protagonist prepares a bruccio on several occasions for her guests — one of the earliest literary records of this cheese in French culture.
Since: 1998
Area covered: Corse (2A + 2B)
Key requirements: Corsican ewes and goats exclusively, whey from Corsican cheeses, raw milk mandatory — pasteurisation prohibited; two distinct formats: frais (available from November to June) and passu (matured min. 21 days)
Since: 2003
Area covered: Corse (2A + 2B)
Key requirements: European registration of the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée, confirming the requirements of the national specifications.
Association
GAEC
Family-run
Family-run
Family-run
Large artisanal cheese dairy
Family-run
EARL
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