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AOC — PDO — Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Green and crisp, delicately cracked and flavoured with wild fennel, they embody the sunshine of the Alpilles in a jar.
Vegetable from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, PDO (AOP) since 1999.
As early as 1786, Abbé Couture noted the remarkable varietal wealth of the Vallée des Baux-de-Provence in his treatise, counting at least six main types of olive — including Salonenque, then known as 'Plant de Salon', and Béruguette, the old name for Aglandau, also known locally as 'Blanquette'. It is precisely these two ancient varieties that remain today the only ones authorised for the production of olives cassées. The production of cracked green olives, driven by the traditional technique of cracking — long done by hand before being mechanised —, is a speciality found almost exclusively in this valley.
The appellation d'origine contrôlée 'Olives cassées de la vallée des Baux-de-Provence' was recognised by decree on 27 August 1997, before obtaining European protection as a PDO in 1999.
The appellation's geographical area is situated in the Alpilles massif and along the northern edge of the Plaine de la Crau, in the Bouches-du-Rhône: it covers in their entirety the communes of Les Baux-de-Provence, Maussane-les-Alpilles and Le Paradou, and in part those of Arles, Aureille, Eygalières, Eyguières, Fontvieille, Lamanon, Mas-Blanc-des-Alpilles, Mouriès, Orgon, Saint-Étienne-du-Grès, Saint-Martin-de-Crau, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Sénas and Tarascon — seventeen communes in all. The soils here are limestone and stony, sheltered from fogs by the Alpilles range, making it a prime terroir for olive growing.
Wild fennel is widespread in the Vallée des Baux-de-Provence; flowering in summer, its seeds become available just as the olive harvest begins, which explains its traditional place in the preparation of olives cassées.
The Vallée des Baux is the beating heart of Provençal olive growing. Its mills and processing workshops carry on centuries-old traditions. Fennel-flavoured olives cassées are a speciality known to every Provençal gourmet.
Appearance
Green olives mechanically cracked from fresh whole fruit, presented in clear to slightly cloudy brine containing pieces of fennel stalk.
Aroma
Notes of fennel, the appellation's exclusive aromatic.
Taste
Firm on the palate, with a pronounced flavour of fennel that must not be masked by salt; a slight bitterness may be present, with no fermented, soapy or woody taste.
Texture
Firm flesh, whole cracked olives that are not slashed (maximum tolerance of 5% uncracked olives and 5% burst olives).
The olives cassées come exclusively from the Salonenque or Aglandau (also known as Béruguette) varieties; varietal blending is not permitted for commercial sale. They are flavoured exclusively with wild fennel (vegetative parts and seeds, with commercially prepared extracts, decoctions or infusions also permitted).
Carried out mechanically on fresh whole fruit; flesh fragments resulting from cracking do not exceed 5%.
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Serving: At room temperature or slightly chilled. For a Provençal apéritif.
Drinks: Dry white wines, Provençal rosés, pastis.
Since: 1997
Area covered: Vallée des Baux-de-Provence (17 communes in Bouches-du-Rhône)
Key requirements: Salonenque or Aglandau varieties exclusively, unblended at marketing; size ≤ 35 fruits/hectogram; mechanical cracking (flesh fragments ≤ 5%); debittering in alkaline solution then water (≥ 36 h); brining at density 1036-1050; exclusive fennel flavouring
Since: 1999
Area covered: Vallée des Baux-de-Provence (17 communes in Bouches-du-Rhône)
Key requirements: European protection under the same specification
The PACA region alone accounts for 66% of France's national olive production and brings together six of the country's seven olive-growing protected designations of origin.
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