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AOC — PDO — Rhône-Alpes
The "Prince of Gruyères" — a giant wheel born in the high Savoyard valleys, whose golden paste and concave heel are instantly recognisable.
Cooked pressed cheese from Rhône-Alpes, PDO (AOP) since 1996.
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Beaufort is a cheese that time has elevated to the status of a Savoyard institution, dubbed the "Prince of Gruyères". It was monks and village communities who cleared the alpine pastures of the Beaufortain to establish dairy herds; their milk was then turned into "vachelin", a small 10 kg cheese that did not keep until the end of winter. In the 17th century, the Beaufortain valley began producing far more imposing cheeses (40 kg) of the gruyère type, under the name "grovire" — a size that gave them better qualities for storage and transport. Their production soon spread to the neighbouring valleys of the Tarentaise and Maurienne, and their reputation crossed the mountains: during the French Revolution, the Comité de Salut Public had 10,000 quintals brought in to feed Paris.
In 1865, grovire took the name of Beaufort. The cheese thus endured through the centuries until the post-war era, when rural depopulation and labour shortages caused production to plummet to less than 500 tonnes in the early 1960s. A new organisation into cooperatives, from 1961 onwards, revived the sector; in 1968, this culminated in recognition as an appellation d'origine, authenticating this ancestral know-how.
The PDO (AOP) product specification distinguishes three designations according to the season and place of production: Beaufort, Beaufort d'été and Beaufort chalet d'alpage.
This hierarchy reflects what is known as "seasonal terroir": the summer diet, rich in varied alpine flora, gives the cheese a depth of flavour that winter cannot replicate.
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The Beaufort PDO area covers the high-mountain part of the Savoie département — the valleys of the Beaufortain, Tarentaise and Maurienne, as well as part of the Val d'Arly — and even extends to two adjoining sectors of Haute-Savoie (the commune of Praz-sur-Arly and part of Les Contamines-Montjoie), spanning 110 communes in total. Villages such as Beaufort, Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Flumet and Saint-Martin-de-Belleville are the guardians of this know-how, in an area characterised by vast expanses of alpine pasture.
Appearance
Wheel of 20 to 70 kg (40 kg on average), characteristic concave heel imparted by the wooden hoop of the mould, smooth ivory to pale yellow paste, which may display rare fine cracks or small holes known as "partridge eyes"
Taste
Distinctive without being strong, with multifaceted aromas, fruitier and more pronounced in the summer or alpage versions
Aroma
Subtle and fruity without being strong between 7 and 12 months of maturing, then more powerful as it ages
Texture
Supple and unctuous, firm on the initial bite then melting
The heel of Beaufort displays a characteristic concavity: this is not a defect, it is a signature. It comes from the "cercle à Beaufort", a wooden hoop unique to this cheese in which the curd is moulded in linen cloth before pressing. This hoop is a protected exclusive: only Beaufort may use it for a cooked pressed cheese of more than 15 kilograms, any other use being prosecuted as an attempt to deceive regarding the appellation.
after cutting the curd, it is heated in a copper vat to a temperature between 53 and 56 °C.
under pressure for a minimum of 15 hours, with regular turnings.
the cooled cheese is submerged in brine at a temperature of 9 to 12 °C, for 20 to 24 hours.
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Beaufort is best enjoyed in thin slices on an alpine cheese board (alongside a Reblochon, a Tomme de Savoie). At room temperature, its dense texture reveals its full structure. In cooking, it is finely crumbled into a gratin dauphinois or a "Beaufort au feu" (Swiss fondue made with Beaufort). White wine pairings come naturally: Roussette de Savoie, Mondeuse blanche, or even Marsanne from neighbouring Isère. For red wine enthusiasts: Mondeuse rouge, that black wine of Savoie known to few.
Since: 1968
Area covered: Beaufortain, Val d'Arly, Tarentaise, Maurienne (Savoie) + 2 sectors in Haute-Savoie
Key requirements: Tarine and Abondance breeds only, production limited to 5,000 kg of milk/cow/year
Since: 1996
Area covered: Beaufortain, Val d'Arly, Tarentaise, Maurienne (Savoie) + 2 sectors in Haute-Savoie
Key requirements: Raw milk mandatory, maturing min. 5 months, ivory to pale yellow paste (rare fissures or "partridge eyes" tolerated), concave heel mandatory, weight 20–70 kg
Beaufort is managed by the Syndicat de Défense du Fromage Beaufort (SDB), based in Albertville.
Trade association
Dairy cooperative
Dairy co-operative
Artisan cheesemaker
Dairy co-operative
Dairy cooperative
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